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Rotation of Production possibility curve

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 Rotation of Production possibility curve: PPC can rotate in following circumstances. 1-Improvement in the technology in the favour of good -X : If there is an improvement in the technology in favour of goods -X then the production of goods-X raise on that the particular resources but production of goods-Y remains the unchanged accordingly PPC rotates. Fig-6 Before the improvement in technology in the favour of goods-X the PPC is ab but after improvement it rotates and be ac. 2-Improvement in the technology in the favour of good -X :  If there is an improvement in the technology in favour of goods -Y then the production of goods-Y raise on that the particular resource but production of goods-X remains the unchanged accordingly PPC rotates. Fig-7 Before the improvement in technology in the favour of goods-Y the PPC is  ab  but after improvement it rotates and be  ac. Note: If any technical improvement done in favour of both goods then PPC will shift, not rotate....
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Shifting of PPC

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  Shifting of PPC : PPC can shift in following circumstances. Change in resources Change in technology 1-Change in resources:  PPC can shift both rightward or forward and leftward or backward due to change in resources. Change in resources means either increase in resources or decrease in resources. a- Increase in resources:  If resources are increased either quantitative or qualitative we can produce more of both goods thus PPC shift rightward or forward. Figure-3 In fig-3,When resources are increased PPC shift from ab to cd.  b-decrease in resources:  If resources are decreased either quantitative or qualitative we can produce less of both goods thus PPC shift leftward or backward. Figure-4 In fig-4,When resources are decreased PPC shift from cd to ab. 2-Change in technology: When efficient technology comes into existence which are suitable for both goods then we can produce more of both goods thus PPC shift to rightward or forward.  figure -5 in fig...
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Cardinal Utility Analysis

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 Concept of utility: it refers to satisfaction derived from the consumption of a goods. In other words want satisfying power of a commodity is called utility Cardinal measurement of utility:  The great economist Alfred  Marshall said we can measure the satisfaction in terms of cardinal numbers like 1,2,3 etc. And standard unit of measuring the satisfaction is called utils. Total Utility: It is the total number of utils derived from the consumption all units of a goods.Ex- If I consume one chocolate and get 10 utils, and again I consume the same chocolate and get 9 utils then total utils =19 utils.                                                                  TU=∑MU                        Marginal Ut...
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